Getting to grips with using that and which - Emphasis

Getting to grips with using that and which Getting to grips with using that and which That and which can sometimes be used interchangeably. But it’s not always correct to do so. The general rule is: use ‘that’ to define and use ‘which’ to inform or add information. Defining These are the spending cuts that the Board agreed. Here, the spending cuts in question are defined and limited to being the ones agreed to by the Board (as opposed to any others that might be enforced). It is actually not wrong to substitute ‘which’ here in British English, although American English would probably only use ‘that’. Informing The spending cuts, which the Board decided, have been very effective. Here, ‘which’ introduces additional information – the people behind the spending cuts. The main point is that all the cuts being discussed here have been effective; and, incidentally, they were (all) decided by the Board. Note the two commas necessary when using ‘which’ this way: the additional information within them could be removed and still leave a full sentence. Only ‘which’ can be used for this purpose. It’s incorrect to use ‘that’ when introducing extra information. Punctuating Although it is not wrong to use ‘which’ in place of ‘that’ to define or limit something, you have to be careful how you punctuate around it. There has been very positive customer feedback on the new desserts which are made with dark chocolate. With no comma before it, this ‘which’ is being used to define and limit the desserts which had good feedback as the ones made with dark chocolate. There are probably other flavours of dessert, but the response to those may have been less upbeat. There has been very positive customer feedback on the new desserts, which are made with dark chocolate. With a comma before it, this ‘which’ is being used to inform (the second comma has been replaced with a full stop). The part of the sentence after the comma is additional information about the first part. This means that all the new desserts had positive feedback and, by the way, they are all made with dark chocolate. As you can see, altering punctuation even slightly can change the meaning of your sentence and could result in you accidentally misleading your reader. Would you like more help with grammar? Have a look at our Essential grammar and punctuation training.

Battle of Brandy Station in the Civil War

Battle of Brandy Station in the Civil War Battle of Brandy Station - Conflict Date: The Battle of Brandy Station was fought June 9, 1863, during the American Civil War (1861-1865). Armies Commanders Union Major General Alfred Pleasonton11,000 men Confederate Major General J.E.B. Stuart9,500 men Battle of Brandy Station - Background: In the wake of his stunning victory at the Battle of Chancellorsville, Confederate General Robert E. Lee began making preparations to invade the North. Prior to embarking on this operation, he moved to consolidate his army near Culpeper, VA. Early June 1863, the corps of Lieutenant General James Longstreet and Richard Ewell had arrived while the Confederate cavalry, led by Major General J.E.B. Stuart screened to the east. Moving his five brigades into camp around Brandy Station, the dashing Stuart requested a full field review of his troops by Lee. Scheduled for June 5, this saw Stuarts men move through a simulated battle near Inlet Station. As Lee proved unable to attend on June 5, this review was re-staged in his presence three days later, though without the mock battle. While impressive to behold, many criticized Stuart for needlessly tiring his men and horses. With the conclusion of these activities, Lee issued orders for Stuart to cross the Rappahannock River the next day and raid advanced Union positions. Understanding that Lee intended to begin his offensive shortly, Stuart moved his men back into camp to prepare for the next day. Battle of Brandy Station - Pleasontons Plan: Across the Rappahannock, the commander of the Army of the Potomac, Major General Joseph Hooker, sought to ascertain Lees intentions. Believing that the Confederate concentration at Culpeper signaled a threat to his supply lines, he summoned his cavalry chief, Major General Alfred Pleasonton, and ordered him to conduct a spoiling attack to disperse the Confederates at Brandy Station. To assist with the operation, Pleasonton was given two select brigades of infantry led by Brigadier Generals Adelbert Ames and David A. Russell. Though the Union cavalry had performed poorly to date, Pleasonton devised a daring plan which called for dividing his command into two wings. The Right Wing, consisting of Brigadier General John Bufords 1st Cavalry Division, a Reserve Brigade led by Major Charles J. Whiting, and Ames men, was to cross the Rappahannock at Beverlys Ford and advance south toward Brandy Station. The Left Wing, led by Brigadier General David McM. Gregg, was to cross to the east at Kellys Ford and attack from the east and south to catch the Confederates in a double envelopment. Battle of Brandy Station - Stuart Surprised: Around 4:30 AM on June 9, Bufords men, accompanied by Pleasonton, began crossing the river in a thick fog. Quickly overwhelming the Confederate pickets at Beverlys Ford, the pushed south. Alerted to the threat by this engagement, the stunned men of Brigadier General William E. Grumble Jones brigade rushed to the scene. Barely prepared for battle, they succeeded in briefly holding up Bufords advance. This allowed Stuarts Horse Artillery, which had nearly been taken unawares, to escape south and establish a position on two knolls flanking the Beverlys Ford Road (Map). While Jones men fell back to a position on the right of the road, Brigadier General Wade Hamptons brigade formed on the left. As the fighting escalated, the 6th Pennsylvania Cavalry unsuccessfully charged forward in an attempt to take the Confederate guns near St. James Church. As his men fought around the church, Buford began probing for a way around the Confederate left. These endeavors led him to encounter Brigadier General W.H.F. Rooney Lees brigade which had assumed a position behind a stone wall in front of Yew Ridge. In heavy fighting, Bufords men succeeded in driving Lee back and taking the position. Battle of Brandy Station - A Second Surprise: As Buford advanced against Lee, Union troopers engaging the St. James Church line were stunned to see Jones and Hamptons men retreating. This movement was in reaction to the arrival of Greggs column from Kellys Ford. Having crossed early that morning with his 3rd Cavalry Division, Colonel Alfred Duffià ©s small 2nd Cavalry Division, and Russells brigade, Gregg had been blocked from advancing directly on Brandy Station by Brigadier General Beverly H. Robertsons brigade which had taken a position on the Kellys Ford Road. Shifting south, he succeeded in finding an unguarded road which led into Stuarts rear. Advancing, Colonel Percy Wyndhams brigade led Greggs force into Brandy Station around 11:00 AM. Gregg was separated from Bufords fight by a large rise to the north known as Fleetwood Hill. The site of Stuarts headquarters before the battle, the hill was largely unoccupied except for a lone Confederate howitzer. Opening fire, it caused the Union troops to pause briefly. This permitted a messenger to reach Stuart and inform him of the new threat. As Wyndhams men began their attack up the hill, they were met by Jones troops riding in from St. James. Church (Map). Moving to join the battle, the Colonel Judson Kilpatricks brigade moved east and assaulted the south slope of Fleetwood. This attack was met by Hamptons arriving men. The battle soon deteriorated into a series of bloody charges and countercharges as both sides sought control of Fleetwood Hill. The fighting ended with Stuarts men in possession. Having been engaged by Confederate troops near Stevensburg, Duffià ©s men arrived too late to alter the outcome on the hill. To the north, Buford maintained pressure on Lee, forcing him to retreat to the hills northern slopes. Reinforced late in the day, Lee counterattacked Buford but found that the Union troops were already departing as Pleasonton had ordered a general withdrawal near sunset. Battle of Brandy Station - Aftermath: Union casualties in the fighting numbered 907 while the Confederates sustained 523. Among the wounded was Rooney Lee who was later captured on June 26. Though the fighting was largely inconclusive, it marked a turning point for the much-maligned Union cavalry. For the first time during the war, they matched their Confederate counterparts skill on the battlefield. In the wake of the battle, Pleasonton was criticized by some for not pressing home his attacks to destroy Stuarts command. He defended himself by stating that his orders had been for a reconnaissance in force toward Culpeper. Following the battle, an embarrassed Stuart attempted to claim victory on the grounds that the enemy had departed the field. This did little to hide the fact that he had been badly surprised and caught unawares by the Union attack. Chastised in the Southern press, his performance continued to suffer as he made key mistakes during the upcoming Gettysburg Campaign. The Battle of Brandy Station was the largest predominantly cavalry engagement of the war as well as the largest fought on American soil. Selected Sources National Park Service: Battle of Brandy Station CWPT: Battle of Brandy Station

Ad Appeal Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ad Appeal Analysis - Essay Example In this advertisement, Guess uses the appeal to sex because they want to create an impression that wearing their jeans is sexy. This appeal is also selected for this advertisement to give a clear idea their target markets are the adults. Wearing Guess can also be a symbol of sexy lifestyle. Guess makes jeans for male and female adults who want to feel sexy while wearing this brand of jeans. I think using this appeal can be effective only to those people who want to have sexy image. It can also be effective because it catches the attention of men and women. However, there are also some rational ones who might not find this advertisement convincing at all because the only benefit that they can see is the feeling of sexiness.Appeal to fear is commonly used by marketers in advertisements on health, hygiene, and home security. Usually, it communicates its message indirectly. Just like the advertisement below, it is about taking care of one's heart. It doesn't show the audience what really is happening with their hearts. Instead, it used a scary scene and a line that would make one think. By looking at the picture, I would say that the ad's target markets are those people busy with their work or others who are busy with satisfying their lifestyle that they forget to have their heart checked-up. Appeal to fear is used in this kind of ad because people are afraid to die. Since it is about health, this appeal could make its target segment act immediately. I think the use of appeal to fear is the most effective when it comes to this kind of messages. Heart problems are serious matters that are commonly taken for granted. This kind of ad will serve as a wake up call to the target market. Top of Form Humor Pepsi always comes up with bright ideas on their advertisement. The image below is a very humorous advertisement of Pepsi. It shows that even the straw chooses what soda to sip. Pepsi uses the humor appeal to make retention in consumers' minds. If the audience will see this kind of advertisement, they will take a moment to laugh or smile about it. It just means that it got their attention and it can easily be remembered. This advertisement does not show any particular target segment. I think this kind of appeal is not quite effective. It can be remembered by the consumers but it does not mean that they are convinced to buy this product. Rational The image below is an advertisement of L'oreal that uses rational appeal. If you can take a closer look at the picture, you can read at the right side the enumerated benefits of using this product. One cannot get the message of this advertisement by just looking at the picture. You should take time to read the texts included in the advertisement. Hair issue is quite scientific. That is why rational appeal is used in this kind of advertisement. No one will believe the reliability of the product until they know the chemical ingredients of it. L'oreal used this kind of appeal to clearly tell the consumers what they can benefit from this product and to explain why this product will really work. The target segments of this advertisement are the women who want to have beautiful and healthy-looking hair. I think this advertisement is quite effective because it can tell the market what it really wants to say. It can also be effective in convincing people because of the benefits and scientif ic information laid out in the ad. However, some people are too lazy to read and will just look at the image. References Guess, Inc. (2008). Guess: Advertising. Retrieved November 24 2008 from http://www.guess.com/Advertising.aspx

Wall Street Journal Hospitality Trend-Impact Report Research Paper

Wall Street Journal Hospitality Trend-Impact Report - Research Paper Example intelligence and reliable network to enable them make concrete decisions within the shortest time possible that can aid in solving problems arising at work place and websites. E-business not only increases customer base but also makes the products and services available to global customers in different parts of the world. In the article, Landmark Buildings Make Hotel Comebacks by Lana Bortolot, hotels within New York City transformed from one star to five stars. AKA building was an abandoned building and was renovated by Larry Korman to accommodate high number of visitors touring New York City. Hospitality is groomed in socio-economic and political facets of New York City where skills were injected into individuals to make them appreciate the roles played by tourism in economic stability. Customer Benefit Package is AKA Times culture that is geared towards achievement of consumer satisfaction. Consumer behaviour is given priority and considered in decision making in order to attract new and retain potential customers. In AKA Times, the restaurant and check-in services are maintained by well trained staff who give customer first priority. Customer Benefit Package can therefore, be measured by customer response after the stay. Complains and compliments helps in improvement of nature of service delivery because it aids in identifying weak and sturdy areas. The land mark building in AKA Times Square depicts the modern building that promotes tourism in the society. The building has many businesses within one premise that make accessibility and efficiency easy for instance, Artisanal coffee shop, five star restaurants and a boutique. Hospitality and tourism need modern buildings that can accommodate visitors who stay for long. The building was made city landmark in 2007 and this gives it advantage over other hotels for instance the nearby Texas hotel company FelCor Lodging Trust Inc. which is undergoing renovation. On the other hand, technology and information

Dispute Resolution Processes Essay -- Legal Process

Introduction This paper will examine when it is appropriate to attempt alternative dispute resolution (ADR) processes for disputes and conversely when it is fitting for matters to be decided in a courtroom with black-robed judges and well dressed lawyers. Complementing the correct ‘intervention [courtroom, facilitative ADR or another form of ADR] at the right time, price and place with the right disputants’ is not necessarily an easy task (Wade 2010, p. 13) and the line separating alternative dispute resolution processes and judicial intervention can be blurred especially as judicial officers conduct, refer or mandate parties to participate in ADR (Sourdin, 2009, p. 190). Proof that fine panelled courtrooms may not be the answer to dispute settlement is the move towards the ‘mandatory’ use of alternative methods prior to hearings (Ardagh and Cumes, 2007, p. 206). Do most people with problems want pain relief quickly and inexpensively? Yes most people in pain want relief quickly and inexpensively but they often want other things too. They want to be heard, they want to heal the hurt and they want a ‘satisfactory [and]†¦ enduring’ outcome (Moore, 2004, p. 2). They also want to change from having ‘a destructive interaction to a constructive one’ (Ardagh, 1999, as cited by Spencer and Hardy, 2009, p. 165). There are differing views about the suitability of facilitative ADR approaches for various types of conflict. Some believe that this type of ADR is more appropriate for addressing ‘interest disputes than rights disputes’ (Boulle & Nesic, 2001 as cited by Van Gramberg, 2006, p. 121). Van Gramberg states that ‘personal grievances’ may be adequately resolved by facilitative processes but where a law or legal right has been b... ...negotiation or mediation; this case needs a judge: When is litigation the right solution? Mediation Quarterly, Vol. 18, Iss. 3, pp. 259-280. Retrieved 12 December 2010 http://works.bepress.com/john_wade/8/ Wade, J. (2009). Negotiating with Difficult People. Professor John Wade, Faculty of Law, Bond University, August. Retrieved 12 December 2010 from http://epublications.bond.edu.au/drcn/35/ Wade, J. (2010). Matching disputes and responses: How to diagnose causes of conflict, and to respond with appropriate interventions and/or referrals. Law papers. Paper 319. Retrieved 12 December 2010 from http://epublications.bond.edu.au/law_pubs/319 Wilkins, F. (2002, January 18). Disputed territory – mediation and other ADR processes. Lawyers Weekly, pp. 14, 15. Zehr, H. (1985). Retributive justice, restorative justice, (15 pages). US Office of Criminal Justice.

Statments of Problems and Primary Source Evidence

Following the Civil War white southeners restricted African Americans’ freedom: -Louisana Black Codes Reinstate Provision of The Slace Era, 1865, pg. 6 – Lucy McMillian, A Former Slave in South Carolina, Tesitifes About White Violence, 1871, pg. 13 During the late nineteenth century the American west expirnced significant conflict: -Katie Bighead (Cheyenne) Remebers Custer and the battle of Little Bighorn,1876, pg. 1 -Wyoming Gunfight: An Attack on Chinatown,1885, pg. 45 Supporters of imperialism claimed it was necessary that United States wield it’s influence abroad: -President William Mckinley Asks for War to liberate Cuba, 1898 pg. 107 -Governor Theodore Roosevelt Praises the Manly Virtues of Imperialism, 1899, pg. 108Critics of Imperialsim contened that American Foreigh policy undermined the nation’s abroad: -The American Anti-Imperialist League Denounces U. S. Policy, 1899, pg. 110 -Mark Twain Stirzes â€Å" The Battle Hymn of the Republic. † 1 900 pg. 111 During the late nineteenth century immigrants anticipated oppurtunities in the United States: -A Slovenian Boy Remebers Tales of the Golden Country,1909 pg. 81 -Chinese Immigrant Lee Chew Denounces Prejudice in America, 1882, pg. 72During the late nineteenth century immigrants faced harsh challenges in the United States: -Immigrant Thomas O’Donell Laments the worker’s Plight, 1883 pg. 74 -Immigrants Crowd together-By Choice, or Not? Pg. 77 As the United States expierenced rapid industrial growth, ordinary laborers endured exploitaive working conditions: -Immigrant Thomas O’Donell Laments the worker’s Plight, 1883 pg. 74 -Jurgis Rudkus Disovers Drink in The Jungle, 1905 pg. 79 All from the book â€Å"major problems†.

Egyptian Cuisine During The Arab Republic Of Egypt

†¢ The unique Egyptian cuisine has been influenced throughout history, particularly by its neighbors from the Middle East. Those contries that have influenced include Persians (modern-day Iraqis), Greeks, Romans (modern-day Italians), Arabs, and Ottomans (from modern-day Turkey) first influenced Egyptian cuisine thousands of years ago. More recently, the foods of other Arabic people in the Middle East such as the Lebanese, Palestinians, Syrians, as well as some foods from Europe, have affected the Egyptian diet. †¢ Rice and bread remain staple foods, and molokhiyya(a spinach-like vegetable) and ful mudammas (cooked, creamy fava beans), a national dish. †¢ The Arab Republic of Egypt is located in the northeastern region of the African continent, bordering both the Mediterranean and Red Seas. The climate is extremely dry and most of the country receives less than one inch of rainfall each year. The widespread lack of rainfall makes it extremely difficult to grow crops. Egypt has no forests and only 2 percent of the land is arable. †¢ The Nile River, the longest river in the world, runs north and south through eastern Egypt and empties into the Mediterranean Sea. Approximately 95 percent of the country s population lives alongside the Nile River. This is why the Egyptian cuisine is so high in fish. †¢ Egypt had one of the longest histories of any modern country, arising in the tenth millennium BC as one of the world’s first nation states. Ancient Egypt had some of the earliestShow MoreRelatedThe Egyptian Culture Of Egypt1316 Words   |  6 PagesEgyptian Culture Introduction: For the final paper assignment I chose to write about the Egyptian culture. The reason why I chose the Egyptian culture is because I have always been fascinated by it. My mother was a huge fan of this particular culture, so I grew up going to all the different museums. I am amazed by their pyramids, their history and how they were able to mummify their pharaohs. Geographical area: Egypt’s official name is â€Å"Arab Republic of Egypt†. The country is considered to beRead MoreEgypt And The Muslim Influence On Eating999 Words   |  4 Pages Egypt and the Muslim Influence on Eating Maquelin Santana Hudson County Community College  Abstract This paper explores the religion, history, and food culture of Egypt. It discusses the geographic setting and environment that affects the food availability and water supply for the Muslims. The distinct eating and dietary habits are explained and how they have evolved into modern society. Also, Egypt’s national food is listed along with the history behind it. Lastly, the paper exploresRead MoreCultural Profile4851 Words   |  20 PagesCountry Cultural Profile: Arab Republic of Egypt Abstract The purpose of this study is to determine the cultural structures, variables and behaviors of the society in the Arab Republic of Egypt located in Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Libya and the Gaza Strip, and the Red Sea north of Sudan, and include the Asian Sinai Peninsula. The development of this analysis is based on the understanding of the characteristics and variables of the Egyptian culture. Section 1 – PeopleRead MoreSneak Peak into the Egyptian Culture2802 Words   |  12 PagesEGYPTIAN CULTURE The Arab Republic of Egypt is located in the north-eastern corner of Africa and south-western Asia. It is bounded on the north by the Mediterranean Sea, on the east by Palestine and Israel, on the south by Sudan, and on the west by Libya. The capital of Egypt is Cairo. Population amounts to 76,117,421. The Egyptian community    The Egyptian community is one of the most deep-rooted communities all over the world; due to the fact that the ancient Egyptian practiced agriculture 5000Read MoreEgypt Cultural and Economic Analysis3973 Words   |  16 Pagessummary. WHAT PRODUCT WHY SUCCESSFUL The physical size of Egypt, the enormous size and density of its urban population, and the role played by foreign assistance in determining its policy agendas, all contribute to Major challenges in developing a coherent and effective environmental policy (Zetter and Hassan, 2002). Considering loyalty is one of the most important aspects in Egyptian life it is safe to say that once they accept the product they will become loyalRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 Pagessecurity deserves neither and will lose both†. Censorship has been around for as long as humans had the ability to voice their opinion and his fellow man has deemed it appropriate to chastise this opinion. †¢ In Plato’s ideal state outlined in The Republic, official censors would prohibit mothers and nurses from relating tales deemed bad or evil †¢ Shi Huang Ti: Penchant for burning books †¢ Freedom of speech in ancient Rome was restricted to those in positions of authority Freedom of Speech: